Gene synthesis is the most cost effective way to enhance your research. In as little as 2 weeks, you can have your Gene cloned in hand and 100% sequence guaranteed. And with Gentaur’s great pricing it can cost less to order a synthetic gene from us than to buy all the kits and reagents necessary to PCR, ligate, clone, grow, purify and sequence your gene of interest. If you like, our free codon optimization will increase protein expression rates and can enhance protein function. In addition our optimization can make previously un-clonable sections of DNA easy to work with. Send us your sequence, Gene ID or an accession number. Let us know what you need and we will deliver!

Gentaur also offers mutagenesis as well as cloning and subcloning services. Gentaur strives to provide the highest quality synthetic genes at a great price. Our goal is to always provide you with the best value for your research dollar.

With high throughput DNA synthesis facilities around the world, Gentaur’s daily capacity is unsurpassed. Gentaur is unrivalled in its ability to address the needs of our customers: Whether you need one gene, or one hundred. We respond to your needs–personally.

Features and Benefits

100% Sequence Guarantee:	Individual synthetic genes are confirmed by Sequencing
Codon Optimization - Free of charge!:	Complimentary codon optimization to enhance protein expression and function
Value Pricing:	The best value for your research dollar

Applications

Antibody Construction
Antibodies targeted toward specific diseases or targets can be codon optimized for maximum expression in the host organism. Also, an antibody library can be constructed to screen for the most efficient antibody variant.

Organism Production Optimization 
Optimize expression of genes related to resource production to maximize industrial biological production efficiency.

Gene Construction
Get difficult-to-clone DNA sequences easily and enhance the quality of your research by constructing hypothetical genes.

Protein Modification
Codon optimization can increase protein expression efficiency, and a mutant library derived from this process can yield proteins with increased function. Optimizations include secondary structure removal, and repeat reduction as well as organism optimizations.

Schematics of Gene Synthesis Process

Price:  0.25 euro/base

HIV1/2 RapidTest Verification Panel

Catalog #: K-ZMC029

NAME AND INTENDED USE: The HIV 1/2 Rapid Test Verification Panel is intended for use with in vitro assay procedures for the determination of antibodies to HIV 1/2. This panel is for Research Use Only and should not be used in diagnostic procedures.

SUMMARY: The HIV 1/2 Rapid Test Verification Panel is composed of ten members representing donors at various reactivities. Each positive panel membercontains 0.2SmL and each negative panel member contains 1.7SmL of stabilized human serum. This panel can be used for training, lot-to-lot comparison of reagent test kits and to evaluate and compare intra laboratory and inter laboratory performance of HIV 1/2 test systems.

PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE: Verification Panel reagents have been designed for use with in vitro assay procedures for the purpose of monitoring assay performance across a widerange of reactivity levels. Verification Panel materials are prepared from human source serum and other non-human components. HIV 1/2 serum has been heat inactivated to reduce infectious risk (1). Source materials have been processed and treated to eliminate unwanted components and to ensure stability of the final product. The HIV 1/2 Rapid Test Verification Panel members should be evaluated as unknown specimens per the instructions supplied by the manufacturer of the test kit being used.

REAGENTS: 1. Two vials HIV 1/2 Negative (1.7SmL each).2. Three vials HIV-l Only Positive (0.2SmL each).3. Three vials HIV-2 Only Positive (0.2SmL each).4. Two vials HIV 1/2 Positive (0.2SmL each)HIV 1/2 Rapid Test Verification Panel materials contain proteins derived from human sources.

Price: 213 Euro

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Klebsiella oxytoca Z115, titered (1 mL)

Catalog #:  0801881

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Each frozen aliquot contains 1 mL of a pure, titered culture Klebsiella oxytoca. The identification of this organism was confirmed by 16S sequencing. The purity of the culture was monitored by Gram staining and by additional culturing. The titer was performed on one aliquot after freezing. The freezing medium contains 15% glycerol as a cryoprotectant. Please see the Certificate of Analysis for the specific freezing medium used.

INTENDED USE: Live, titered microorganisms can be used to determine a limit of detection (LOD), in diagnostic assay development or cross- reactivity studies. When used as a control for nucleic acid tests, the same protocols as those used to amplify clinical specimens should be employed.

Price: 477 Euro

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SeroDetect Dengue Fever Panel

Catalog #: K-ZMC028

NAME AND INTENDED USE: The SeroDetect Dengue Fever Panel is intended for use with in vitro assay procedures for the determination of antibodies to Dengue Fever. This panel is for Research Use Only and should not be used in diagnostic procedures.

SUMMARY: The SeroDetect Dengue Fever Panel is composed of ten members representing individual donors at various reactivities. Eachpanel member contains O.SmLof stabilized human serum. This panel can be used for training, lot-to-Iot comparison of reagent test kits and to evaluate and compare intra laboratory and inter laboratory performance of Dengue Fever test systems.

PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE: SeroDetect reagents have been designed for use with in vitro assay procedures for the purpose of monitoring assay performance across a wide range of reactivity levels. SeroDetect materials are prepared from human source serum and other non-human components. Dengue Fever serum has been heat' inactivated to reduce infectious risk (1). Source materials have been processed and treated to eliminate unwanted components and to ensure stability of the final product. The SeroDetect Dengue Fever Panel members should beevaluated as unknown specimens per the instructions supplied by the manufacturer of the test kit being used.

REAGENTS: 1. Two vials SeroDetect Dengue Fever Negative (O.SmLeach).2. Eight vials SeroDetect Dengue Fever Positive (O.SmLeach).SeroDetect Dengue Fever Panel materials contain proteins derived from human sources.

Price: 300 Euro

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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 (HIV-2)

Infectious Sucrose Purified Virus

Catalog #: 0810029SP

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) is an enveloped retrovirus, which contains two copies of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA. HIV-1 (Strain: NIH-Z) is propagated in the Hut78 cell line.
Sucrose purified HIV-2 is sold in 1.0 mg aliquots, and is shipped on dry ice. The virus from culture fluid is ultra-centrifuged, resuspended in PBS, and then purified through a one-step sucrose gradient. The viral band is collected, ultra-centrifuged, and the pellet is resuspended in PBS.

Each lot of sucrose purified virus is assayed for its total protein concentration. Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID50), or RT-PCR value may be available upon request.

INTENDED USE: This product is intended for research, product development testing, or quality assurance testing. Sucrose purified viruses are sold as consumable testing materials, and are not for propagation or commercialization. Applications include:
- Nucleic Acid / Molecular Testing
- Limit of Detection (LOD) Studies
- Cross-reactivity Studies
- Other Viral-based Assays

Price: 1240 Euro

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Proteus vulgaris Z129, titered (1 mL)  

Catalog #:  0801898

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Each frozen aliquot contains 1 mL of a pure, titered culture Proteus vulgaris. The identification of this organism was confirmed by 16S sequencing. The purity of the culture was monitored by Gram staining and by additional culturing. The titer was performed on one aliquot after freezing. The freezing medium contains 15% glycerol as a cryoprotectant. Please see the Certificate of Analysis for the specific freezing medium used.

INTENDED USE: Live, titered microorganisms can be used to determine a limit of detection (LOD), in diagnostic assay development or cross- reactivity studies. When used as a control for nucleic acid tests, the same protocols as those used to amplify clinical specimens should be employed.

Price: 480 Euro

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HUMAN T LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE II (HTLV-II)

Infectious Sucrose Purified Virus

Catalog #: 0810039SP

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) is an enveloped retrovirus, which contains two copies of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA.
HTLV-II is propagated in the MoT cell line.

Sucrose purified HTLV is sold in 1.0 mg aliquots, and is shipped on dry ice. The virus from culture fluid is ultra-centrifuged, resuspended in PBS, and then purified through a one-step sucrose gradient. The viral band is collected, ultra-centrifuged, and the pellet is resuspended in PBS.

Each lot of sucrose purified virus is assayed for its total protein concentration. Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID50), or RT-PCR value may be available upon request.

INTENDED USE: This product is intended for research, product development testing, or quality assurance testing. Sucrose purified viruses are sold as consumable testing materials, and are not for propagation or commercialization. Applications include:

  Nucleic Acid / Molecular Testing

  Limit of Detection (LOD) Studies

  Cross-reactivity Studies

  Other Viral-based Assays

Price: 1490 Euro

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For quantitative determination of acetylcholinesterase activity and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Method: OD412nm.
Samples: blood, serum, plasma etc.
Species: all.
Procedure: 10 min.
Size: 100 tests.
Detection limit: 10 U/L.

DESCRIPTION

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE), also known as RBC
cholinesterase, is found primarily in the blood and neural synapses.
Low serum cholinesterase activity may relate to exposure to
insecticides or to one of a number of variant genotypes. AChE
catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into
choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic
neuron to return to its resting state after activation. Cholinesterase
levels of cells and plasma are used as a guide in establishing safety
precautions relative to exposure and contact, as well as a guide in
determining the need for workers to be removed from areas of contact
with the organic phosphate insecticides.
Simple, direct and automation-ready procedures for measuring AChE
activity are very desirable. BioAssay Systems' QuantiChromTM
Acetylcholinesterase Assay is based on an improved Ellman method,
in which thiocholine produced by the action of acetylcholinesterase
forms a yellow color with 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The
intensity of the product color, measured at 412 nm, is proportionate to
the enzyme activity in the sample.

APPLICATIONS

Direct assays of acetylcholinesterase activity in blood, serum, plasma,
and other biological samples. Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors.

KEY FEATURES

Sensitive and accurate. Detection range 10 to 600 U/L AChE activity
in 96-well plate assay.
Convenient. The procedure involves adding a single working reagent,
and reading the optical density at 2 min and 10 min at room
temperature.
High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-
well plate assay for thousands of samples per day.

KIT CONTENTS

(100 tests in 96-well plates)
Assay Buffer (pH 7.5): 30 mL Reagent: 240 mg
Calibrator: 4 mL (equivalent to 200 U/L)

Storage conditions. The kit is shipped at room temperature. Store all
reagents at room temperature. Shelf life: 6 months after receipt.
Precautions: reagents are for research use only. Normal precautions
for laboratory reagents should be exercised while using the reagents.

MATERIALS REQUIRED, BUT NOT PROVIDED

Pipeting (multi-channel) devices. Clear-bottom 96-well plates (e.g.
Corning Costar) and plate reader.

Sample Type: cerebral cortical tissues

Species:  rat

References: Basselin, M et al (2009). Acute but not chronic donepezil increases muscarinic receptor-mediated signaling via arachidonic acid in unanesthetized rats. J Alzheimers Dis. 17(2):369-82

Pubmed ID: 19363262

Pubmed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=19363262

Abstract:

Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor used for treating Alzheimer's disease patients, is thought to act by increasing brain extracellular acetylcholine (ACh), and ACh binding to cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are coupled to cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation and arachidonic acid (AA) release from synaptic membrane phospholipid. This activation can be imaged in rodents as an AA incorporation coefficient k*, using quantitative autoradiography. Acute and chronic effects of donepezil on the AA signal, k* for AA, were measured in 81 brain regions of unanesthetized rats. Twenty min after a single oral dose (3.0 mg/kg) of donepezil, k* was increased significantly in 37 brain regions, whereas k* did not differ from control 7 h afterwards or following chronic (21 days) of donepezil. Pretreatment with atropine prevented the 20-min increments in k* following donepezil. Donepezil also increased the brain ACh concentration and reduced brain AChE activity, but did not change cPLA2 activity, regardless of administration regimen. These results show that donepezil acutely increases the brain AA signal that is mediated by ACh acting at muscarinic receptors, but that this signal is rapidly desensitized despite continued elevated brain ACh concentration. In contrast, the AA signal in response to arecoline was not altered following donepezil.

 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2790024

Sample Type: serum

Species:  human

References: Al-Akwa, AA et al (2009). Free radicals are present in human serum of Catha edulis Forsk (Khat) abusers. J Ethnopharmacol. 125(3):471-3

Pubmed ID: 19619634

Pubmed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=19619634

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a naturally occurring drug with an amphetamine-like structure and action. It has been postulated that amphetamine induces free radical formation. On this basis, we have hypothesized that Khat may promote synthesis of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the same way that amphetamine promotes free radical production.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male subjects were enrolled in two groups: those with a chronic Khat chewing habit (n=20), and those without a chewing habit (controls; n=20). Both groups were matched with regard to age. Total antioxidant capacity and cholinesterase (AChE) activity were assayed.

RESULTS: This study showed that Khat consumption inhibited serum free radical scavenging enzymes, resulting in significant elevations in free radical loads (p=0.01; n=20). We also showed that serum acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) was significantly inhibited in the Khat chewing group (p=0.002; n=20).

CONCLUSION: These results show for the first time that Khat may contribute to high levels of free radicals. In addition, the presence of pesticides in Khat leaves is implicated in the inhibition of AChE activity.

 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Sample Type: explanted atria

Species:  dog

References: Ng, J et al (2011). Autonomic remodeling in the left atrium and pulmonary veins in heart failure: creation of a dynamic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol.4(3):388-96

Pubmed ID: 21421805

Pubmed link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=21421805

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). The autonomic nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of both AF and CHF. We examined the role of autonomic remodeling in contributing to AF substrate in CHF.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrophysiological mapping was performed in the pulmonary veins and left atrium in 38 rapid ventricular-paced dogs (CHF group) and 39 control dogs under the following conditions: vagal stimulation, isoproterenol infusion, ?-adrenergic blockade, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (physostigmine), parasympathetic blockade, and double autonomic blockade. Explanted atria were examined for nerve density/distribution, muscarinic receptor and ?-adrenergic receptor densities, and AChE activity. In CHF dogs, there was an increase in nerve bundle size, parasympathetic fibers/bundle, and density of sympathetic fibrils and cardiac ganglia, all preferentially in the posterior left atrium/pulmonary veins. Sympathetic hyperinnervation was accompanied by increases in (1)-adrenergic receptor R density and in sympathetic effect on effective refractory periods and activation direction. ?-Adrenergic blockade slowed AF dominant frequency. Parasympathetic remodeling was more complex, resulting in increased AChE activity, unchanged muscarinic receptor density, unchanged parasympathetic effect on activation direction and decreased effect of vagal stimulation on effective refractory period (restored by AChE inhibition). Parasympathetic blockade markedly decreased AF duration.

CONCLUSIONS: In this heart failure model, autonomic and electrophysiological remodeling occurs, involving the posterior left atrium and pulmonary veins. Despite synaptic compensation, parasympathetic hyperinnervation contributes significantly to AF maintenance. Parasympathetic and/or sympathetic signaling may be possible therapeutic targets for AF in CHF.

 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

More Enzyme Activity products:

Even more: Enzychrom products

Gentaur provides a wide range of specialist antibodies, primarily to aid research in the cellular stress, heat shock, ion channel and transporter fields of study. However we also provide antibodies as research tools for Apoptosis, Cell Signaling and Post-translational Modification amongst others.

If you need help finding the reagent that meets your requirements, please contact us at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

HO-1 (Rat) Antibody

Catalog#: SPC-207D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Polyclonal
Datasheet: SPC 207 Heme oxgenase 1 Heat Shock Protein 32 (HO 1)
Description: Anti-HO-1 (Rat)

HSF1 Antibody

Catalog#: SPC-208D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Polyclonal
Datasheet: SPC 208 Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1)
Description: Anti-HSF1

LGI1 Antibody

Catalog#: SMC-461D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Monoclonal
Datasheet: SMC 461 LGI1
Description: Anti-LGI1

LRRK2/Dardarin Antibody

Catalog#: SMC-445D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Monoclonal
Datasheet: SMC 445 LRRK2 Dardarin N3
Description: Anti-LRRK2/Dardarin

PEX6 Antibody

Catalog#: SMC-470D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Monoclonal
Datasheet: SMC 470 PEX6
Description: Anti-PEX6

PINK1 Antibody

Catalog#: SMC-450D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Monoclonal
Datasheet: SMC 450 PINK1
Description: Anti-PINK1

Pan-QKI Antibody

Catalog#: SMC-467D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Monoclonal
Datasheet: SMC 467 Pan QKI
Description: Anti-Pan-QKI

SOD1 (UβB) Antibody

Catalog#: SPC-205D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Polyclonal
Datasheet: SPC 205 SOD1 (UBB) Oxidative Stress
Description: Anti-SOD1 (UβB)

SOD1 (EDI) Antibody

Catalog#: SPC-206D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Polyclonal
Datasheet: SPC 206 SOD1 (EDI) Oxidative Stress
Description: Anti-SOD1 (EDI)

TRAP1 Antibody

Catalog#: SPC-209D
Package size: 100ug
Type: Polyclonal
Datasheet: SPC 209 TRAP1 Heat Shock Protein
Description: Anti-TRAP1