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Canadian and Australian researchers were able to identify the strain of cholera bacteria responsible for the pandemic that killed millions of people in the 19th century.
Scientists have succeeded for the first time sequenced the genome of this pathogen . They were working on a well-preserved stretch of the gut of one of the victims of cholera and penetrated the secrets of bacteria that goes " killing " people today in the poorest countries on the planet . The discovery was considered significant because never before scientists were able to identify the first strains of the bacterium vibrio clolerae - pathogen that develops in the water.
The bacterium responsible for cholera was long a mystery to scientists because they failed to analyze ancient samples noted Thursday. This pathogen is "hiding" in the intestines of the victims and never reaches the bones or teeth, which means that almost no remnants of the DNA of the bacteria.
For the study, the researchers had access to a collection of human tissues that have been well preserved in the Museum of the History of Medicine in Philadelphia, founded in 1858, where a few years ago there was a cholera epidemic. DNA of bacteria was extracted from the intestine of a man who died of cholera in 1849
Scientists have been able to establish that this strain of bacteria called classic, and the second, called El Tor have coexisted in people and in the water of estuaries for many centuries, potentially even for thousands of years before the advent of pandemics in the 19th century.
The analysis helped the researchers to conclude that the first of the two types of strains was most likely responsible for five of the seven most deadly epidemics in the 19th century. Almost all hailing from the Bay of Bengal . The World Health Organisation considers that there are between 3 and 5 million new cases of cholera per year in the world , that is between 100 000 and 120 000 victims of the disease.
Cholera causes severe diarrhea leading to severe dehydration and rapid death if not treated quickly. Discovery will help scientists new methods of treatment and even prevention of the disease.
