DNA is known to scientists for more than one hundred years. Swiss biologist Friedrich Miescher and chemist (doctor of education) identify it first in 1868 in the blood-soaked bandages and swabs of bandages for wounded soldiers in Tübingen, and later, after 1870 in Basel - the sperm of salmon of which the first isolate pure DNA. He called the discovery of the substance nuklein and in 1874 managed to break nucleic of protein and acid acid in 1889 was named by his student Richard Altman "nucleic". DNA is recognized as the only carrier of heredity in 1944 as a result of an experiment made ​​by Oswald Avery and his colleagues Colin McCarthy MakLoyd and MacLynn. The structure of the DNA double helix was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick at Cambridge University. For this discovery they received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice Wilkins in whose lab made ​​X-ray crystallographic analysis of DNA, suggested to Watson and Crick's idea of ​​its structure.